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9/21/26, 8:14 AM
1) Confirmed - Dr. Maggie Matear, President Selkirk College
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2) Confirmed - Dr. Mike Kennefick, Western Regional Director, Mitacs
3) Confirmed - Mr. Richard McElroy, CEO, D-Pace, Inc.
4) Confirmed - Dr. Oliver Kester, Director Accelerator Division, TRIUMF -
Martin Martschini (University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics – Isotope Physics, VERA Laboratory, Vienna, Austria)9/21/26, 9:00 AM
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) aims at highly efficient and fast detection of minute amounts of radioisotopes and thus crucially depends among others on the attainable negative ion output from a cesium sputter ion source. However, part of the physics behind these work horses remains elusive, prohibiting accurate simulations or even sound predictions of ion source behavior. Generations of...
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David Kleinjan (Los Alamos National Laboratory)9/21/26, 9:25 AM
The LANSCE H- Ion Source has recently been studied with laser absorption and optical emission spectroscopy diagnostics capable of measuring the in-situ cesium density and temperature, the neutral hydrogen temperature and the $H_{\alpha,\beta,\gamma}$ emission lines. These diagnostics have been installed on the LANSCE production sources for the 2026 run, which presents the first opportunity...
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Olli Tarvainen (STFC)9/21/26, 9:50 AM
The production of negative hydrogen ions (H$^-$/D$^-$) in high-current ion sources occurs through two complementary mechanisms; dissociative electron attachment involving ro-vibrationally excited molecules and low energy electrons, and resonant tunneling of electrons from low work function caesiated metal surfaces to the affinity level of hydrogen atoms. We briefly describe the physics...
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Julian Hörsch (Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP))9/21/26, 10:15 AMContributed Oral
The understanding of the surface conversion process of hydrogen/deuterium atoms or positive ions to negative H⁻/D⁻ ions at a low work-function surface is of special interest for the physics of negative ion sources. The negative ion yield from surface conversion is determined by the work function of the converter surface, the flux of the precursor particles (H/D or Hₓ⁺/Dₓ⁺) on the surface and...
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Dr Noel Smith (Oregon Physics)9/21/26, 10:55 AM
Negative oxygen ion (O⁻) focused ion beams occupy a central role in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), enabling high-sensitivity analysis of electropositive elements through the ion yield enhancing mechanisms of oxygen bombardment. The implantation of oxygen both increases the ionization probability during the collision cascade and reduces the probability of secondary ion neutralization...
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Prof. Michael Bradley (University of Saskatchewan)9/21/26, 11:20 AM
Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) is a versatile technique for thin film deposition. Diamond thin films grown using Microwave PECVD have a wide range of high-tech applications including transparent windows, quantum applications of the diamond NV- centre, thermal transport layers for semiconductor devices, and nuclear battery applications. Our group has been...
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Felicien Filleul (EPFL)9/21/26, 11:45 AMContributed Oral
Advances in focused ion beam (FIB) sources are key to expand the analytical capabilities of secondary ion mass spectrometers (SIMS) while driving down their operational costs, enabling new science in fields ranging from geology, biology, medicine to space sciences [1].
A novel dual-polarity ion source is being developed to equip SIMS with a high-performance, reliable and affordable...
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Jean-Baptiste Lallement (CERN)9/21/26, 2:00 PM
The Linac4 H⁻ ion source is a critical element of CERN’s operations, directly affecting both accelerator performance and its broad user base. As the sole injector particle source, its reliability and efficiency are essential to the stability of the entire proton accelerator chain and the physics programs it enables. This paper presents an overview of the system, drawing on six years of...
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Dr Mark Roberts (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)9/21/26, 2:25 PM
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a sensitive technique for counting single atoms. The technique was developed in nuclear physics laboratories in the late 1970s for $^{14}$C, and subsequently extended to other isotopes, including $^{10}$Be, $^{36}$Cl, and $^{129}$I. In general, the AMS method employs a positive high-voltage tandem accelerator to accelerate negative ions. Almost...
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Dr Jianglong Wei (Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)9/21/26, 2:50 PM
The Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) is dedicated to developing core key technologies for future fusion reactors, which incorporates a Negative Ion Source Neutral Beam Injection (NNBI) test facility. The CRAFT NNBI test facility consists of two core test stands: the Hefei Open-facility for Negative-ion Source Research (HONOR), which focuses on experimental...
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Kim-Sophie Ellenberger (Institute of Space Systems IRS - University of Stuttgart)9/21/26, 3:35 PMContributed Oral
Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) missions face strong aerodynamic drag due to the residual atmosphere of highly reactive atomic oxygen, therefore leading to material erosion, making realistic ground tests essential. Numerical simulations are used in advance to optimize the design of its core components to support the development of a dedicated VLEO test facility.
The planned facility generates...
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Mikhail Tiushev (University of Saskatchewan)9/21/26, 3:55 PMContributed Oral
We present particle-in-cell simulations of a high-current Penning discharge using the semi-implicit electrostatic solver in WarpX [1]. The method reaches experimentally relevant conditions, with discharge currents of several amperes and plasma densities near 1e18 m-3. The modeled 3 A configuration includes two independently biased crescent-shaped anode segments [2]. The simulations show the...
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Kenji Miyamoto (Naruto University of Education)9/21/26, 4:15 PMContributed Oral
The plasma meniscus and relevant physical structure in the ion-ion plasma of a hydrogen negative source is investigated by using the three-dimensional PIC-Monte Carlo method from the viewpoint of the force balance of negative ions. The simulation results show that the negative ion density along the extraction axis can be divided into two regions based on the electrostatic potential dependence:...
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Dr Shubham Singh Baghel (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique -Énergie Matériaux, Télécommunications)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
Tandem accelerators require negative helium He- ions for efficient two-stage acceleration. Currently, He- is produced via charge exchange in alkali metal vapor [1]. This method causes severe issues: downstream contamination, disastrous for semiconductor applications, high-voltage sparking, and hazardous maintenance [2]. We propose transitioning to an alkali-free, volume production method...
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Connor MacKenzie (Selkirk Ion Source Research Center)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
Commissioning of a Penning Ion Source Test Stand and Negative Hydrogen Ion Experiments for Medical Applications
Authors
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R. Gagnon$^{2,4,7}$, C. MacKenzie$^{1,2}$, B. Warfield$^{2,3,5}$, J. Doyle$^{1,2}$, S. Spence$^{2}$, M. Morissette$^{2}$,C. Kent$^{2}$, J. Cramton$^{2}$, C. Drew$^{2}$, J. Taylor$^{2}$, T. Junginger$^{3,5}$, S. Tekumalla$^{4}$, N. Savard$^{7}$,A. George$^{7}$, C.... -
Jasmin Deguire (D-Pace, University of Victoria)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
We present LePIC+, a new generation Particle-in-Cell code developed from the legacy LePIC code and designed to improve maintainability, scalability, and computational efficiency while preserving the physical fidelity of the original implementation. LePIC+ introduces a fully modernized architecture based on improved memory management and a modular code design. Particular attention was given to...
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Yuya Inokuchi (Doshisha. University)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
Negative hydrogen (H$^{-}$) ion production on cesiated metal surfaces is a key process for high-intensity H$^{-}$ ion sources for neutral beam injection systems. Electron transfer from a low-work-function surface to an incident hydrogen atom produces H$^{-}$ ions$^{*}$ near an extraction hole. Semi-continuous Cs supply maintains the low-work-function of the plasma grid (PG)$^{**}$, while...
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Connor MacKenzie (Selkirk Ion Source Research Center)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
C. MacKenzie$^{1,2}$, J. Deguire$^5$, V. Laporta$^4$, M. Bradley$^1$, G. Fubiani$^3$, L. Couedel$^1$, M. Dehnel$^{1,2,5,6}$.
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[1] University of Saskatchewan, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics
[2] Selkirk Ion-source Research Centre (SIRC)
[3] LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS
[4] CNR-ISTP
[5] D-Pace, Inc.
[6] Accel-Link Ltd.
Efficient negative hydrogen ion (H⁻) sources... -
Anna Alexander9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
LANSCE uses a filament driven multi-cusp H- ion source. Most H- ions are produced on a biased, low work function converter. The surface chemistry and work function are complex due to the time dynamics of the pulsed plasma, and the wide variety of elements/molecules that are present and participate in the surface formation. This work will use basic models and existing LANSCE ion source and...
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Portia Switzer (University of Saskatchewan)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
Langmuir probes are a well-established and commonly used method for the characterization of plasmas. Basic Langmuir probe measurements focus on electron and positive ion currents while ignoring the possibility of negative ions; however, with certain assumptions, the analysis of the resultant curves can extend to negative ions. Microwave plasmas are important tools for thin film deposition with...
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Takaaki Ishikawa9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
In the ITER neutral beam injection (NBI) system, a radiofrequency (RF) negative hydrogen ion source is used to heat the core plasma. However, the current RF ion source has not yet achieved the required beam divergence angle (7 mrad), which remains a major challenge. For the RF negative hydrogen ion source at J-PARC, a large-scale accelerator, the beam distribution has been observed to...
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Hayato Soejima (Keio-University)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
In the Research and Development Negative Ion Source (RNIS) at NIFS, it has been reported that switching the operational gas from hydrogen (H) to deuterium (D) leads to an approximate threefold increase in electron density [1].
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In previous studies [2,3], hydrogen isotope effects were investigated using a three-dimensional kinetic electron transport code, KEIO-MARC, together with a... -
Naomi Kawamura (Keio University)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
Beam oscillation has been observed in radio-frequency negative hydrogen ion sources (e.g., Ref. [1]). Recently, the oscillation has been investigated using an electrostatic Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation, and the behavior resulted from oscillations in the source plasma density [2]. In the simulation, it was assumed that the source plasma in the driver region periodically oscillates, while...
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Vladislav Vekselman (TAE Technologies)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
A compact, cesium-free negative hydrogen ion source based on D-Pace hardware has been deployed in a boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) accelerator at TAE Life Sciences. The cesium-free design fits a medical-accelerator environment well. It avoids the contamination and maintenance burden of cesiated surface-conversion sources, while still meeting the required current and duty cycle. The...
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Ben Warfield (University of Victoria)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
In Penning ion source design the puller electrostatic lens, nominally biased at ±15 kV for
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the SIRC test stand, is offset from the plane of initial beam extraction from the plasma
chamber’s anode aperture centreline in order to account for the Lorentz force imparted
by the dipole magnetic field. A study of how this offset can be optimized to limit beam
loss and increase acceptance is done... -
Dr Chen Zuo (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
Space charge compensation (SCC) is a key process in negative-ion beam transport, because ionization of the residual gas generates secondary charges that can partially or even overcompensate the beam space charge and thereby modify beam transport. Previous studies have shown that the compensation state depends on background-gas conditions, secondary-particle production and loss, and, in...
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Mike RIGG (ISIS STFC)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
Electronic hardware for beam chopping 655kV H- beam at ISIS.
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Robert Abel (STFC)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
An RF-driven long-lifetime H- ion source operating at 50 Hz with 1.5% duty factor and 35 keV beam energy is currently under development for the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. The new ion source is designed operate with an upgraded medium energy beam transport (MEBT) that will provide improved transport efficiency and reduced beam losses. This paper will give an...
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April Smith (Los Alamos National Laboratory)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
At the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), the LANSCE Accelerator Modernization Project (LAMP) aims to replace the aging front-end, including the H- ion source. The new H- source, based on the RF ion source at SNS, uses a low work function surface for H- ion production, necessary for achieving higher H- current densities. This paper describes simulations and results from a...
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Suresh Saminathan (TRIUMF)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
The demand for extracted beams from TRIUMF's 500 MeV cyclotron is growing with the addition of ARIEL, its new advanced rare isotope beam facility. To meet these intensity requirements, an upgrade program has been initiated for the injection system. The program involves installing a new injection beamline and an additional ion source to enable high-brightness, intense beam injection....
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Dr Huihui hong, Yuanlai Xie9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
As magnetic confinement fusion advances toward power generation, neutral beam injection (NBI) auxiliary heating faces increasingly stringent demands for higher energy, current density, and pulse duration. Ion beam neutralization—the most critical step in NBI—currently relies on the gas target method, where ions collide with homogeneously injected gas to produce neutrals. While raising the gas...
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Sydney Spence (Selkirk Ion-source Research Centre)9/21/26, 5:00 PMPoster
S. Spence1, C. MacKenzie1,2, R. Gagnon1,4, B. Warfield1,3, M. Morissette1, M. Dehnel1,3
- Selkirk Ion-source Research Centre (SIRC)
- University of Saskatchewan, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics
- University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Victoria, Department of Mechanical...
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9/21/26, 8:00 PM
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Gwenael Fubiani (LAPLACE, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS)9/22/26, 8:10 AM
The negative ion source currently being developed for the ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) suffers from two fundamental design shortcomings: (i) a plasma asymmetry along the direction parallel to the plasma grid, and (ii) an excessively elevated plasma potential that may degrade beam divergence within the accelerator. To overcome these issues, we propose a novel source architecture designated...
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yuwen yang (Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences)9/22/26, 8:35 AMContributed Oral
In the accelerator of negative ion source, electrons are easily generated via stripping loss of negative ions, background gas ionization, and secondary electron emission from electrodes. Under the effect of electric and magnetic fields, these electrons acquire high energy and exhibit a large divergence angle. Once ejected from the ion source, the energetic electrons can directly strike on the...
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Prof. Alexandr Ivanov (TAE Technologies)9/22/26, 8:55 AM
In a future fusion reactor prototype under development at TAE Technologies, Inc., negative-ion-based neutral beams with a total power of 20 MW are used to sustain the p-B reaction in the plasma. The neutral beam system will comprise four injector modules, each capable of producing a 5 MW, 1 MeV steady-state neutral beam. The conceptual design of the injector module features a spatially...
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Lenaic Couedel (CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université)9/22/26, 9:20 AM
The project addresses a critical challenge in fusion energy: replacing caesium (Cs) in negative-ion (NI) sources for Neutral Beam Injectors (NBIs), which are essential for heating and driving plasma current in tokamaks like ITER. While Cs is effective, it poses maintenance and safety issues due to its reactivity and accumulation, which would be problematic in nuclear environments. This work...
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92. Theoretical Vibrational-excitation Cross Sections for PIC Based Negative Ion Plasma ComputationsVincenzo Laporta (Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi - CNR)9/22/26, 10:25 AM
Accurate state-resolved electron-molecule cross sections are essential for the quantitative description of low-temperature plasmas, negative ion sources, and neutral and charged particle beam systems. In particular, vibrational excitation processes induced by electron impact play a crucial role in determining molecular energy distributions, dissociative attachment rates, and the production...
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Guillermo G. Hinojosa Aguirre (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)9/22/26, 10:50 AM
Electron autodetachment of negative ions is a known phenomenon at the picosecond and shorter time scales. Examples are shape or Feshbach resonances observed in electron scattering. However, experimenters have observed autodetaching phenomena in longer time scales. These observations have not been independently confirmed because of the
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difficulty of isolating negative ions and, because... -
Dr Akihiro Matsubara (PESCO Co., Ltd)9/22/26, 11:15 AM
Caesium-free negative ion sources have been actively studied to reduce vacuum contamination and improve maintainability. Such demands are increasing beyond neutral beam injection systems, including accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). In AMS, 2 m × 2 m scale $^{14}$C systems for wider use are being developed $^{1)}$, increasing interest in safer caesium-free operation compared with...
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Jeong-jeung Dang (Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH))9/22/26, 11:40 AM
To improve the performance of volume production-based negative hydrogen ion sources, it is crucial to understand the negative ion volume production reactions by vibrationally excited molecules and cold electrons. This requires a thorough understanding of electron kinetics within the plasma, the generation and relaxation processes of vibrationally-excited molecules, and the transport of neutral...
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Dirk Wünderlich (Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP))9/22/26, 12:05 PM
The test facilities BATMAN Upgrade with a $1/8$ ITER-size ion source ($0.3\times0.6\,\mathrm{m}^2$) and ELISE with a half ITER-size ($1\times1\,\mathrm{m}^2$) source are essential parts of the European Roadmap towards the ITER NBI system (size of the ion source $1\times2\,\mathrm{m}^2$). These sources rely on the production of negative ions on caesiated low-work function surfaces. The ion...
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Lauren Bezzina (ETH Zürich)9/22/26, 1:50 PM
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a highly sensitive technique for the detection of long-lived radionuclides and rare isotopes, with applications spanning archaeology, earth sciences, environmental studies, biomedicine, and nuclear science. AMS systems rely on the production of stable negative ion beams, most commonly using Cs sputter ion sources, followed by acceleration and molecular...
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Dr Mikko Laitinen (University of Jyväskylä)9/22/26, 2:15 PMContributed Oral
The negative ion formation in caesium sputter ion sources occurs on the surface of a cathode covered by a thin caesium (Cs) layer that lowers the surface work function and enhances the negative ion yield. It has been demonstrated that laser irradiation of the cathode can significantly increase the extracted negative ion current. The laser enhancement often exhibits a transient nature...
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Dr Na Wang (ASIPP.CAS)9/22/26, 2:35 PMContributed Oral
In cesiated radio-frequency (RF)-driven negative ion sources, beam divergence and spatial uniformity are strongly influenced by plasma transport processes and cesium dynamics in the source region. Since beam quality is closely linked to plasma behavior near the plasma grid, understanding the coupling between source plasma properties and extracted beam characteristics is essential for...
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Christopher Charles (TRIUMF)9/22/26, 2:55 PM
Movements of nuclear contamination through the world's oceans, and natural radioactive decay in ancient deep-subsurface ground waters, can be traced by $^{127}$I/$^{129}$I and $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U isotopic composition (IC) measurements. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) remains the technique of choice for such IC determinations at ultra-trace levels (i.e. $<$ 1$\times$10$^{-13}$), with a key...
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Dan Faircloth (UKRI STFC ISIS)9/22/26, 3:45 PM
Recent particle in cell simulations of space change compensation in high current Hminus beams clearly demonstrate the formation of a high-density core in space charge compensating Hminus beams. Evidence of this phenomena has also been experimentally observed.
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Lasse Voigt (Institute of Space Systems - University of Stuttgart)9/22/26, 4:10 PM
There is a rapidly growing interest in operating satellites in very low Earth orbits (VLEO, $200$-$450$ km). These orbits support efficient communication and Earth observation and offer short post-mission lifetimes due to rapid reentry, reducing the risk of orbit contamination compared to conventional LEO ($>500$ km). The environment is dominated by atomic oxygen, and atmospheric drag and...
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Freddy Gaboriau (LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
The negative ion source concept currently under development for the ITER neutral beam injector exhibits several design flaws, notably: (i) plasma asymmetry along the direction parallel to the ion extraction grid, caused by the transverse magnetic configuration inducing an electron drift (Hall current) that is intercepted by one of the lateral walls (Hall effect), [1, 2] and (ii) an excessively...
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Katsuya Hayashi (核融合科学研究所)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
In order to understand the physical mechanisms governing beam convergence, which is a critical issue in negative ion sources, numerical analyses of the extraction region considering surface-production have been conducted. Previous Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations have demonstrated that the relationship between surface-produced negative hydrogen ions and the potential structure affects the...
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Mr Zack Watkins (D-Pace)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
An emittance scanner is one of the most valuable diagnostic instruments available to a low-energy beam transport (LEBT) system. D-Pace licensed an Allison-type emittance scanner from TRIUMF and commercialized the design in 2013. Over the course of the subsequent 13 years, the ES-4 emittance scanner has undergone a series of incremental hardware and software upgrades aimed at improving...
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Dean Morris (STFC)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
High current, long pulse H- beams are required for future accelerator applications, such as the Muon Collider or ESS Neutrino Super Beam where the ISIS 2X Penning ion source is a contender. The 2X source has demonstrated 75mA H- beam, 2ms pulse length, at 50Hz repetition rate on a dedicated test stand, and up to 150mA current at shorter pulse length. However, efficient transport of the beam...
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Takanori Shibata (J-PARC/KEK/NIFS)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
Origin of negative hydrogen ($\text{H}^-$) ion beam parameter oscillation in J-PARC Radio Frequency (RF) -driven $\text{H}^-$ ion source is investigated by direct comparison between experiments and Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulation. The bias voltage in the range from -100 to +100 V is applied between the extraction electrode (EE) and the plasma electrode (PE) under the RF plasma operation with...
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Anand George (D-Pace)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
D-Pace is investigating the development of a 13.56 MHz RF-driven ion source for the production of negative ion beams. The ion source employs a hybrid design that combines features of the TRIUMF-licensed filament ion source and the RADIS ion source licensed from the University of Jyväskylä. The present work focuses on experimental studies aimed at improving the long-term beam current stability...
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Katsuhiro Shinto (J-PARC center / Japan Atomic Energy Agency (J-PARC/JAEA))9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
It has been over a decade since J-PARC initiated negative hydrogen ion beam (H$^-$ beam) supply from its high-intensity radiofrequency-driven H$^-$ ion source in the autumn of 2014. It is noteworthy that there have been virtually no major incidents to date, with only three instances of operational shutdowns and replacement work due to damage to the antenna coils. The operation of the ion...
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William Davis (Dept. of Physics & Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PIII) is a high-fluence ion implantation technique well-suited for implanting large area and non-planar metallic and semiconducting targets [1-4]. The PIII system developed in the Bradley lab at the University of Saskatchewan (USask) is an ICP system in a bell-jar configuration [5] optimized for semiconductor and photonic device processing. One key advantage...
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Charles Rohde (Los Alamos National Laboratory)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
We present the results from a recently installed laser wire scanner for the H- beam at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) in the low energy beam transport (LEBT) section. The presented design is modular, supports orthogonal transverse input laser beam orientations, and acts as a test stand for implementing photodetachment measurements. A custom-built laser interaction point and...
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Mr Laurenz Widermann (TU Dresden, HZDR)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
The Helmholtz Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Tracing Environmental Radionuclides (HAMSTER) facility [1] covers a wide range of applications from the environment to nuclear astrophysics.
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For AMS, negative ions are extracted from a Rb or Cs sputter source and trace amounts of radionuclides are counted in a particle detector. A main limitation is the interference from stable isobars. Such... -
rebekka nagy (University of Jyväskylä)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
A permanent-magnet-based, microwave-driven helium ion source for the production of 1 mA positive beam and 20 µA negative beam via charge exchange is under development. Electron-trajectory simulations have been carried out to investigate a discharge phenomenon observed in the extraction system. The simulations revealed the formation of a charge trap caused by the topology of the...
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Ken Franzen (TAE Technologies)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
The planned Da Vinci Field-Reversed Configuration fusion reactor will require several Neutral Beam Injectors each delivering 1 MeV 5 MW continuous neutral beams. A considered design option includes a spatially separated H- ion source and an electrostatic accelerator as was previously proposed [1].
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Here the status of the numerical analysis work supporting the ongoing design efforts is... -
Jonathan Doyle (Selkirk Innovates)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
Optical emission spectroscopy for measuring electron temperature and density in a Penning ion-source test stand for the production of negative hydrogen ions
Authors
J. Doyle$^{1,2}$, G. Fubiani$^{3}$, C. Xiao$^{1}$, L. Couedel$^{1}$, M. Dehnel$^{1,2,3}$.Affiliations
- University of Saskatchewan — Department of Physics and Engineering Physics
- Selkirk Ion-source...
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Mr Tetsunori Otsubo (Keio University)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
The multi-cusp magnetic field is widely used to improve plasma confinement in high-current negative ion sources for neutral beam injection (NBI) systems in fusion devices. Since confinement performance is affected by the plasma potential and magnetized sheath structure, understanding potential formation and particle loss processes in cusp magnetic fields is important. However, these mechanisms...
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Dr Madison Howard (Los Alamos National Laboratory)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
The LANSCE Accelerator Modernization Project (LAMP) will replace the front-end of the existing LANSCE accelerator, from ion sources through the end of the 100-MeV drift-tube linac. LAMP requires higher peak H- beam currents, and longer lifetimes, than provided by the existing LANSCE H- ion sources. The project has constructed an SNS-style multicusp cesiated source with an internal RF antenna....
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Anna Alexander9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
The LANSCE Accelerator Modernization Project (LAMP) will replace the front-end of the existing LANSCE accelerator, from ion sources through the end of the 100-MeV drift-tube linac. This work will describe the H- ion source and injector requirements for LAMP. It will also describe plans for and progress towards the commissioning and testing of the LAMP H- ion testing, as well as various test...
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Jeisson Vanegas (PhD student)9/22/26, 5:00 PMPoster
The University of Saskatchewan Dense Plasma Focus (USASK-DPF) device is currently being optimized as a pulsed ion source for future plasma–wall interaction and material damage studies. USASK-DPF is a Mather-type dense plasma focus device consisting of a coaxial electrode arrangement enclosed in a low-pressure gas chamber and driven by the rapid discharge of a capacitor bank. During operation,...
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Nikolai Lobanov (Australian National University)9/23/26, 8:10 AM
This paper reviews the operational principles, technical implementations, and fundamental physics of alkali vapor charge-exchange canals used for the production of negative helium (He⁻) ion beams. Emphasis is placed on performance characteristics, efficiency, and limitations relevant to modern accelerator applications. In addition, we report on recent upgrades to the Australian National...
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Philip Jackle (Simon Fraser University, D-Pace)9/23/26, 8:35 AM
Negative helium (He⁻) ion beams combined with tandem accelerators are used in research and industrial processes such as accelerator mass spectrometry and power semiconductor manufacture. The established production method involves double-charge exchange between a positive helium (He⁺) beam and a low-pressure metal vapour, typically an alkali. While this method achieves effective conversion...
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Mikko Laitinen (University of Jyväskylä)9/23/26, 9:00 AMContributed Oral
Negative helium ion sources are typically required for tandem accelerators where they are mostly used for materials analysis in the form of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). As alkaline metal vapor is required for charge conversion of the positive ion beam to negative – with conversion rates < 2%, these type of He- ion sources tend to have limited beam intensity and maintenance...
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Prof. SARGIS TER-AVETISYAN (Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), IFIN HH, Magurele, Romania)9/23/26, 9:20 AM
A large number of high-energy beams of negative ions and neutral atoms were observed when a beam of positive ions passed through a liquid spray. It has been shown that the energy conversion efficiency of positive ions into neutrals is 38% for 𝐻+→ 𝐻0 and 50% for 𝐶4+→ 𝐶0 [1] at energies up to 140 keV and 1.2 MeV, respectively. The method is rather general in nature and can be applied to other...
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Weidong Chen (Institute of high energy physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.)9/23/26, 10:10 AM
Lifetime and emittance are two key parameters for an RF-driven H$^-$ source used in high-power proton accelerators. At the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), we have developed a high-intensity RF-driven H$^-$ ion source with an external antenna structure, capable of generating a beam current exceeding 60 mA. To extend the lifetime of the ion source, improvements have been made over the...
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Lionel Prost (Fer)9/23/26, 10:35 AM
The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) at Fermilab is a program of upgrades to the injection complex currently under construction. A major component is a new 2 mA, 800 MeV H- CW-compatible superconducting linac (a.k.a. Linac2), initially operating in a beam pulse mode. Installation of the Warm Front End (WFE) in the Linac2 facility is underway. Beam commissioning is planned to start in summer...
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Brian Roeder (Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University)9/23/26, 11:00 AM
A filament-driven ion source for hydrogen and helium ion beams, capable of producing both positive and negative ions, has been in operation at the Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University since early 2024. The ion source, manufactured by D-Pace, replaced an older filament ion source that only produced H- and D- ions. The +/- filament ion source has been installed on the vertical injection...
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Jongchul Lee (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)9/23/26, 11:25 AMContributed Oral
The RFT-30 cyclotron facility provides a 30 MeV proton beam for radioisotope production and irradiation experiments using H⁻ ion acceleration with stripping extraction. The facility is being upgraded to expand its capability for proton and neutron irradiation studies.
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The RFT-30 cyclotron employs a negative hydrogen ion source and a low-energy beam transport (LEBT) system for beam injection... -
Dr Baoxi Han (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)9/23/26, 11:45 AM
The ion source utilized in the SNS accelerator complex is an RF‑driven, multicusp‑confined, Cs‑enhanced H⁻ source. It is presently operated at approximately 50 mA of H⁻ beam current (measured at the LEBT exit) with a 6% duty-factor (1.0 ms, 60 Hz), supporting the SNS proton beam power on target near 2.0 MW. Producing this beam current typically requires about 50 kW of RF power for the ion...
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Diego Marcuzzi (Consorzio RFX)9/24/26, 8:10 AM
The ITER Neutral Beam Injection Heating and Current Drive system consists of 2 (upgradable to 3) Heating Neutral Beams (HNB) and 1 Diagnostic Neutral Beam (DNB).
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A HNB system capable of these parameters had never been designed nor tested, hence the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was set up at Consorzio RFX premises (Italy) aimed at developing the injector prototype.
The facility... -
Christian Wimmer (Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (IPP))9/24/26, 8:35 AM
The Neutral Beam Injection (NNBI) for ITER is based on large-scale RF plasma sources for negative hydrogen ions, which need to deliver high currents of H$^-$ and D$^-$ (up to 66 A) for up to one hour while maintaining the co-extracted current of electrons below the ion current. Cesium is used to enable the surface production of negative ions; however, the plasma-induced removal of Cs from the...
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旭峰 彭 (合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院)9/24/26, 9:00 AMContributed Oral
Neutral beam injection (NBI) is one of the most important auxiliary heating and current drive methods for future fusion devices. In negative ion-based neutral beam injection (NNBI) systems, understanding beam power deposition and neutralization characteristics is essential for improving beam transmission efficiency and ensuring reliable long-pulse operation. In this work, a high-power neutral...
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Carlo Poggi (ITER Organization)9/24/26, 9:20 AM
The ITER tokamak will rely on negative ion–based Neutral Beam Injectors (NBIs) for auxiliary heating and current drive, as well as for high resolution spectroscopic diagnostics of burning plasmas. The heating system comprises two, with an option for a third, Neutral Beam Injectors capable of delivering 16.5 MW of MeV class neutral hydrogen or deuterium atoms, while a dedicated Diagnostic...
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Yevgeny Raitses (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory)9/24/26, 10:10 AM
There is a growing interest in the use of low temperature magnetized plasmas generated by electron beams and non-thermal electrons for processing of materials at atomic scale with applications to microelectronics and quantum systems.[1-3] For these applications, the plasma (density ~ 109-1010 cm-3 and electron temperature ~ 0.1-0.5 eV) is typically generated by injecting an energetic (102 –...
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Emile Carbone (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications)9/24/26, 10:35 AM
Electron and ion transport in non-equilibrium plasmas is inherently complex, exhibiting intricate behaviour in the phase space and in time. The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method is widely used, being close to first principles and requiring few input parameters, enabling self-consistent simulations. Macroscopic particle transport is governed through collision phenomena and microscopic dynamics [1]....
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Dr Denis Eremin (Ruhr University Bochum)9/24/26, 11:00 AM
High-density plasma discharges in hydrogen operating at low pressures are of considerable interest for negative ion production used in many applications. Their weak collisionality requires a kinetic, nonlocal description, and a popular approach is to model such discharges numerically using the particle-in-cell (PIC) method combined with Monte Carlo collisions (MCC). However, the most commonly...
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Nicolas Savard9/24/26, 11:25 AM
Explicit particle-in-cell (PIC) codes are widely used to study the physics of plasma ion sources. However, in higher-dimensional simulations of high-density, low-temperature plasmas, computational cost becomes a major limitation due to the need to resolve the Debye length and plasma frequency timescales. Fully implicit, energy-and-charge-conserving PIC schemes offer the advantage of relaxing...
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Robert Welton (ORNL-SNS)9/24/26, 1:30 PM
Modern low-energy H-/D- injectors are used extensively in many large, accelerator-based, user facilities operating worldwide. Beams of these ions are used to fill circular accelerators and storage rings, to enable efficient extraction from cyclotrons and to double proton energy output from a tandem accelerator. The injector consists of an ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT)...
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Tsuyoshi Yasui (Nagoya University,Japan)9/24/26, 1:55 PMContributed Oral
A critical issue in the development of radio frequency (RF) negative ion sources for ITER neutral beam injection (NBI) is the large beam divergence angle. One of the potential causes is the deformation of the beam extraction interface (meniscus) induced by the RF electric field. Previous work showed that the applied RF electric field near the meniscus triggered both oscillations and an...
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Dr Bo Liu (Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China)9/24/26, 2:15 PMContributed Oral
Abstract: Cesium injection is an effective and relatively mature method to improve the negative ion yield of negative ion sources. Cesium deposition on the component surface of negative ion based neutral beam injector (NNBI) accelerators is one of the key factors affecting insulation performance. At present, the correlation between cesium deposition amount and inter-electrode insulation level...
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Anthony Cooper (Realta Fusion)9/24/26, 2:35 PMContributed Oral
Realta Fusion is developing a tandem mirror machine, Hammir-DD, to achieve fusion-relevant temperatures using a high-powered negative-ion-based neutral beam injector (NNBI). We will experimentally verify this technology on a full-scale, single source test bed which is targeting a 200 keV beam with approximately 1 MW of neutral power for up to one second of operation.
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In parallel, Realta is... -
Guillermo G. Hinojosa Aguirre (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)9/24/26, 3:15 PMContributed Oral
We present the discovery and confirmation of a new negative molecular species, the CH$_4^−$ anion. The experimental realization of this high-spin exciplex was challenging because it overlaps at $m/q = -1$ with O$^-$, commonly present as a pollutant in vacuum systems. Electron detachment cross section (EDCS) showed diametrical differences with O$^-$ EDCS, this leaded to the hypotheses of...
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Joey Eickman (Realta Fusion)9/24/26, 3:35 PMContributed Oral
Realta Fusion is developing fusion energy technology based on the magnetic mirror confinement concept, in which neutral beam injection (NBI) plays a critical role in plasma heating and fuelling. Designing a high-performance NBI system requires navigating a broad engineering and physics parameter space while ensuring that critical processes are accurately captured. To meet these complementary...
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Morgan Dehnel (SIRC)9/25/26, 9:00 AMContributed Oral
Negative ion beams are utilized over a wide range of application areas. This paper presents a review of a substantive number of utilization areas for negative ion beams as well as estimates of the number of negative ion beam systems installed, and the ongoing growth rate of each sector. Key application areas explored include national laboratory accelerators, national fusion centres, fusion...
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Roman Zagorski (National Centre for Nuclear Research, Pl-05-400 Otwock, Poland)
Fast neutral beams produced by the acceleration and neutralization of negative hydrogen/deuterium ions will be injected into the experimental fusion reactor ITER for plasma heating. The prototype ITER neutral beam injector (SPIDER) was built at Consorzio RFX (Padua, Italy) and comprises eight driver volumes where radio-frequency (RF) power is inductively coupled to the plasma electrons and an...
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